![]() The dichotic listening test (directed attention mode) is used to assess the figure and ground skill for verbal sounds during sustained attention7 and selective attention processes 8. It is possible to shed light on the competencies, skills, and capacities in dealing with sound by observing the responses children and adults of various age ranges produce when performing a wide range of tasks 7, such as those under dichotic listening tests, in which two different sounds are presented to each ear at the same time. It is therefore suggested that fluctuating hearing occasioned by recurrent OM may negatively impact normal development, as impaired listening strategies might persist even when the disease is inactive 6. The most compromised skills are figure and ground, binaural integration, and sequential memory. Studies looking at auditory processing have observed that 62% of the children with history of recurrent otitis media have alterations in at least one listening skill. Changes in those skills may lead to lower school performance, delayed linguistic development, difficulty understanding what others say, and learning challenges. The development of the listening skills associated with auditory processing relies upon the innate biological capabilities of the individual, as well as the experiences he or she has had. In order for that to happen, he or she must acquire the skills to enable the interpretation and analysis of the sounds detected by the peripheral auditory system 5.Ĭhildren frequently diagnosed with hypoacusis due to OME may experience impairments in the development of their listening skills, once a peripherally altered auditory system may not be able to properly decode the messages directed to the child, leading the listener to receive distorted, incomplete messages. This disease is currently one of the most common causes of hypoacusis - often bilateral - in children of up to 10 years of age 4.Īlthough hearing acuity is supposed to be present in the fetus, that does not mean the child understands what he or she hears to thus use it as a tool for communication. OME is a special, silent type of otitis media, characterized by the accumulation of a serous, mucous, glue-like fluid in the middle ear. As the palatine tensor and elevator muscles do not have support on the contralateral side, they cannot effectively open the Eustachian tube due to the deformities present in the cartilaginous framework 3. OME is frequently found in this population as the palatine muscles have not fused, thus reinforcing the idea that middle-ear hypoventilation may induce the onset of otitis media with effusion. Studies done with children suffering from CLP found that 40% of them had normal peak pressures under tympanometry 1 and 25% had conductive hearing loss ranging from mild to severe 2. This population is almost universally affected by otitis media with effusion (OME) associated with Eustachian tube involvement. This is a prospective clinical study.Ĭongenital cleft lip and palate (CLP) develops during embryo and early fetal life and is clinically manifested by the absence of closure in the lip, palate, or both. In the dichotic listening test only the girls with cleft lip and palate had lower scores than the girls in the control group. Statistical significance was found for variable gender in the groups, with p=0.026. When submitted to the dichotic listening test (directed attention mode), the children in the study group had lower scores for both ears when compared to those in the control group. The children were first interviewed, then underwent a series of conventional hearing tests, and lastly were applied the dichotic hearing test. Their ages ranged between 7 years and 7 years and 11 months, and they were divided into two groups: a study group featuring children with cleft lip and palate (n=27) and a control group with children without this anomaly (n=25). Materials and methodįifty-two children of both genders were enrolled in the study. This paper aims to examine the performance of children with cleft lip and palate in dichotic listening tests (directed attention mode) and compare them to a control group without cleft lip and palate. Conductive hearing loss in the first years of life may lead to hearing processing and attention deficit disorders, and consequently to communication and learning impairments.
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